Merging cells in a column of a table

It’s easy to come up with a table design that requires a cell that spans several rows. An example is something where the left-most column labels the rest of the table; this can be done (in simple cases) by using diagonal separation in corner cells, but that technique rather strictly limits what can be used as the content of the cell.

The multirow package enables you to construct such multi-row cells, in a very simple manner. For the simplest possible use, one might write:

\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
\hline
\multirow{4}{*}{Common g text} 
      & Column g2a\\
      & Column g2b \\
      & Column g2c \\
      & Column g2d \\
\hline
\end{tabular}

and multirow will position “Common g text” at the vertical center of the space defined by the other rows. Note that the rows that don’t contain the “multi-row” specification must have empty cells where the multi-row is going to appear.

The * may be replaced by a column width specification. In this case, the argument may contain forced line-breaks:

\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
\hline
\multirow{4}{25mm}{Common\\g text} 
      & Column g2a\\
      & Column g2b \\
      & Column g2c \\
      & Column g2d \\
\hline
\end{tabular}

A similar effect (with the possibility of a little more sophistication) may be achieved by putting a smaller table that lines up the text into a *-declared \multirow.

The \multirow command may also used to write labels vertically down one or other side of a table (with the help of the graphics or graphicx package, which provide the \rotatebox command):

\begin{tabular}{|l|l|}
\hline
\multirow{4}{*}{\rotatebox{90}{hi there}}
      & Column g2a\\
      & Column g2b \\
      & Column g2c \\
      & Column g2d \\
\hline
\end{tabular}

(which gives text going upwards; use angle -90 for text going downwards, of course).

To make a \multicolumn multi-row “cell” in a table, you have to enclose a \multirow inside a \multicolumn — the other way around does not work, so:

\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}\hline
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{\multirow{2}{*}{combined cells}}
     &top right\\ \cline{3-3}
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{}
     &middle right\\ \hline
bottom left
     &bottom center
     &bottom right\\ \hline
\end{tabular}

Multirow is set up to interact with the bigstrut package (which is also discussed in the answer to spacing lines in tables). You use an optional argument to the \multirow command to say how many of the rows in the multi-row have been opened up with \bigstrut.

The documentation of both multirow and bigstrut is to be found, as comments, in the package files themselves.

FAQ ID: Q-multirow
Tags: tables–figures